MOTTO
The solution to LENR is in complexity not in simplification, and don’t forget quantum mechanics (AXIL)
I subscribe to this statement.
DAILY NOTES
BASED ON ED STORMS' NEW "NAE" ANSWER, WE ARE APPROACHING FUNDAMENTAL LENR QUESTIONS
Ed has answered without delay - thanks!
Well Peter, you do not disappoint. As expected, you do not agree with a single answer I gave. In addition, AXIL distorts and describes the process in terms having no meaning in the real world. We continue to go down our separate paths.
4. NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY BY ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE IMAGING by Niels E. Nilsen and James Shackleford
The solution to LENR is in complexity not in simplification, and don’t forget quantum mechanics (AXIL)
I subscribe to this statement.
DAILY NOTES
BASED ON ED STORMS' NEW "NAE" ANSWER, WE ARE APPROACHING FUNDAMENTAL LENR QUESTIONS
Ed has answered without delay - thanks!
Well Peter, you do not disappoint. As expected, you do not agree with a single answer I gave. In addition, AXIL distorts and describes the process in terms having no meaning in the real world. We continue to go down our separate paths.
I keep asking, how would you or how would any theoretician propose to treat Pd or Ni in order to initiate the LENR effect? How do you propose active Pd differs form inactive Pd in ways that can be measured? What feature within Pd or Ni allows the LENR process to take place. I see no effort being made to answer these questions. Instead, the effort is focused on rejecting what I propose without adding anything of value.
The general experience shows that active and inactive Pd differ in important ways. Unless these differences can be identified and controlled, LENR will remain useless and difficult to study. Hand waving ideas, such as AXIL supplies, are simply not useful. We need concrete and consistent ideas. The possible role of cracks is consistent with what everyone has observed and with what I have seen in my lab, yet this is not good enough in your eyes. Please propose a better location for the fusion reaction to take place.
My ANSWER(s)
Risking to make Ed discontented, but invoking pragmatism snd existing experience
I will split the questions in two:
A.How do you propose active Pd differs from inactive Pd in ways that can be measured?
B.(reformulated: how can be Nickel made nuclearly (LENRiarly) active
A. Palladium
Which kind, sort, type of palladium- including its alloys is good for the Fleischmann-Pons Cell and which not (by difference) is one of the most recurrent discussions in all LENR circles from the start of the story; at least 5 complete rounds per year. Few certainties are revealed and they are in the past not in the present. To obtain reproducible results only in the past is an oxymoron. Fleischmann had a very successful source of Pd, some alloys were miraculous- but the results do not add up to give some understanding, some principles or directions.
The most admirable cathode 64 of ENERGETICS was thoroughly analyzed and the results were not usable for making new cathode 64s.
The ENEA data regarding presence of some impurities (metals) in the working samples of Pd is beyond interpretation. (true?)
Anyway I am sure Ed Storms can make a smarter and more comprising review of this complex problem, mixed with mystery- than me but I fear we are in a tautological state- a sort of Pd is good if it worked, 'what you cannot measure you cannot improve' (Peter Drucker) It is much experience accumulated, many personal "best practice approaches"
The mode of thinking in this problem/study remains definitely "prelogical" no cause effect relationships can be sketched. (Is this vision realistic, dear Ed?)
-------------
The most admirable cathode 64 of ENERGETICS was thoroughly analyzed and the results were not usable for making new cathode 64s.
The ENEA data regarding presence of some impurities (metals) in the working samples of Pd is beyond interpretation. (true?)
Anyway I am sure Ed Storms can make a smarter and more comprising review of this complex problem, mixed with mystery- than me but I fear we are in a tautological state- a sort of Pd is good if it worked, 'what you cannot measure you cannot improve' (Peter Drucker) It is much experience accumulated, many personal "best practice approaches"
The mode of thinking in this problem/study remains definitely "prelogical" no cause effect relationships can be sketched. (Is this vision realistic, dear Ed?)
-------------
INTERMEZZO
Help from our colleague Prof Sunil Auluck, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai India; Sunil has sent papers describing techniques that could be used for distinguishing good Pd from inactive Pd and could do something similar perhaps for nickel too. I have Sunil's permission to speak about these papers
1. Corona discharge photography by Boyers and Tiller
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1_tFmz65k8BY25GY00yUEtkSWhCbmJKZ3Z5WDJFRGJXdVVN/view?usp=sharing
2. REPRODUCIBLE, ANOMALOUS EMISSIONS FROM
PALLADIUM DEUTERIDE/HYDRIDE
R. K. ROUT, A. SHYAM, M. SRINIVASAN, and A. B. GARG
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKreproducib.pdf
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKreproducib.pdf
3. ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE IN GASES- A TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING METAL ANOMALIES by David E. Lord
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7rzinCrV7tNeUJ1MWtkWk1rM29kc1ZjS1pISW40MmotVW1j/view
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7rzinCrV7tNeUJ1MWtkWk1rM29kc1ZjS1pISW40MmotVW1j/view
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7rzinCrV7tNdFpmX0dQQ3luaVZLd3ZXLVlOLVRQV3RjLVRj/view
Very interesting, promising techniques shown by Sunil-- thanks!
-----------------
Ed Storms answers to Sunil
(he says some important things e.g. about the nano-cracks and the nuclear aspects- - I have his kind permission to publish the message)
b) Inspiring concepts from EDGE.org's Annual Contest
Jennifer Jacquet
THE ANTHROPOCENE
https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27096
To understand earthquakes in Oklahoma, the Earth’s sixth mass extinction, or the rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, we need the Anthropocene—an epoch that acknowledges humans as a global, geologic force. The Holocene, a cozier geologic epoch that began 11,700 years ago with climatic warming
Whether the geologic experts anoint it as an official epoch, enough of society has already decided the Anthropocene is here. Humans are a planetary force. Not since cyanobacteria has a single taxonomic group been so in charge. Humans have proven we are capable of seismic influence, of depleting the ozone layer, of changing the biology of every continent, but not, at least so far, that we are capable of living on any other planet. The more interesting questions may not be about whether the Anthropocene exists or when it began, but about whether we are prepared for this kind of control.
The concept of "impossible" underlies all fundamental theories of physics; yet its exact meaning is little known. The impossibility of cloning, or copying, certain sets of states is at the heart of quantum theory and of quantum information. The impossibility of exceeding the speed of light is a fundamental feature of the geometry of spacetime in relativity. The impossibility of constructing perpetual motion machines is the core idea of thermodynamics: No machine can exist that produces energy without consuming any; and the second law demands the impossibility of machines converting "heat" (such as energy stored in the sea at room temperature) completely into "work" (energy that is useful, in that it can be used, for instance, to power a mill)
So, once we know what is impossible under the laws of physics, we are left with plenty of room for our ideas to try and create approximations to things that are possible. This opening up of possibilities is the wonderful, unexpected implication of contemplating the fundamental physical meaning of "impossible." May it be as widely known as it is physically possible.
DAILY NEWS
1) Rossi: Demo Postponed, QuarkX Broken and Repaired
http://www.e-catworld.com/2017/01/25/rossi-demo-postponed-quarkx-broken-and-repaired/
2) From Andrea Rossi's JONP
and
The contradictory catalyst
(he says some important things e.g. about the nano-cracks and the nuclear aspects- - I have his kind permission to publish the message)
Thanks for the ideas and papers.
To understand the problem and its solution, you need to understand the basic nature of the LENR process. As we all agree, the process involves a nuclear reaction between nuclei. For this to happen, the reacting nuclei have to be located in the same place at the same time. This location has to be an unusual condition in the PdD structure because PdD rarely produces the nuclear process. This unique condition apparently is located in the surface region when the electrolytic method is used. Also, occasional local melting suggests the active sites are randomly distributed such that on occasion the local concentration of active sites is enough to raise the local temperature above the local melting point, which is much less than the melting point of Pd thanks to the many impurities.
These facts point to a feature located in PdD that can attract, hold, and in which the contained nuclei of D can fuse. In fact, frequently nothing special needs to be done to the Pd to cause LENR. Some batches of Pd are nuclear active once they are reacted with D and some are not. In other words, the ability to cause LENR is batch sensitive, which means something about the manufacturing process gives Pd the ability to form the required unusual sites, which I call the NAE. These observed facts suggest how to look for the NAE.
Three different kinds of possible environments where the D might accumulate are known. These locations are in metal atom vacancies, in dislocations, and in cracks. Each has been suggested as the site of LENR to which a theory has been applied by someone. I choose cracks as my suggested site to explore. This choice requires use of certain tools, experiments, and interpretations, which I'm presently using. To be useful to me, suggestions need to apply to this path and to crack formation. I'm no longer exploring at random. I have eliminated all the possibilities in my own mind and I'm now focusing on what I hope to be the most effective path to achieve understanding. Of course, you and other people are free to explore any idea you want and will surely do so regardless of what I say.
Crack formation is a well-understood process but one that is difficult to control. Achieving this control is the challenge my model must master. Once this mastery is achieved and LENR can be produced at will, the nuclear process can be explored using different tools and explanations based on nuclear physics. Right now any explanation based on nuclear physics is useless as a way to understand the unique condition in the chemical structure needed to host the process. So Sunil, I would be interested in any suggestion that focuses on controlling crack formation.
B. Nickel TOMORROW I had a long Skype discussion with a good friend from my PVC years and my working day is soon over..
b) Inspiring concepts from EDGE.org's Annual Contest
Jennifer Jacquet
THE ANTHROPOCENE
https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27096
To understand earthquakes in Oklahoma, the Earth’s sixth mass extinction, or the rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, we need the Anthropocene—an epoch that acknowledges humans as a global, geologic force. The Holocene, a cozier geologic epoch that began 11,700 years ago with climatic warming
Whether the geologic experts anoint it as an official epoch, enough of society has already decided the Anthropocene is here. Humans are a planetary force. Not since cyanobacteria has a single taxonomic group been so in charge. Humans have proven we are capable of seismic influence, of depleting the ozone layer, of changing the biology of every continent, but not, at least so far, that we are capable of living on any other planet. The more interesting questions may not be about whether the Anthropocene exists or when it began, but about whether we are prepared for this kind of control.
Ian Bogost
POSSIBILITY SPACE
https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27105
Some problems are easy, but most problems are hard. They exceed humans’ ability to grasp and reason about possible answers. That’s not just true of complex scientific and political problems, like making complex economic decisions or building models to address climate change. It’s also true of ordinary life. “Let’s get dinner tonight.” “Okay, but where?” Questions like these quickly descend into existential crisis without some structure. “Who am I, even?”
When faced with large or infinite possibility spaces, scientists try to impose limits in order to create measurable, recordable work. An astrobiologist might build a possibility space of possible alien life by limiting inquiry to stars or planets of a certain size and composition, for example. When you debate a venue for an evening meal, you do likewise—even though you probably don’t think about it this way under normal circumstances: What kind of food do you feel like? How much do you want to spend? How far are you willing to travel? Fixing even one or two of them often produces a path toward progress. And it does so while avoiding the descent into an existential spiral, searching ever inward for who you really are, or what you really want as the ultimate source for human choices. In ordinary life, as much as in science, the answers are already there in the world, more than they are invented inside your head.
Chiara Marletto
Some problems are easy, but most problems are hard. They exceed humans’ ability to grasp and reason about possible answers. That’s not just true of complex scientific and political problems, like making complex economic decisions or building models to address climate change. It’s also true of ordinary life. “Let’s get dinner tonight.” “Okay, but where?” Questions like these quickly descend into existential crisis without some structure. “Who am I, even?”
When faced with large or infinite possibility spaces, scientists try to impose limits in order to create measurable, recordable work. An astrobiologist might build a possibility space of possible alien life by limiting inquiry to stars or planets of a certain size and composition, for example. When you debate a venue for an evening meal, you do likewise—even though you probably don’t think about it this way under normal circumstances: What kind of food do you feel like? How much do you want to spend? How far are you willing to travel? Fixing even one or two of them often produces a path toward progress. And it does so while avoiding the descent into an existential spiral, searching ever inward for who you really are, or what you really want as the ultimate source for human choices. In ordinary life, as much as in science, the answers are already there in the world, more than they are invented inside your head.
Chiara Marletto
IMPOSSIBLE
The concept of "impossible" underlies all fundamental theories of physics; yet its exact meaning is little known. The impossibility of cloning, or copying, certain sets of states is at the heart of quantum theory and of quantum information. The impossibility of exceeding the speed of light is a fundamental feature of the geometry of spacetime in relativity. The impossibility of constructing perpetual motion machines is the core idea of thermodynamics: No machine can exist that produces energy without consuming any; and the second law demands the impossibility of machines converting "heat" (such as energy stored in the sea at room temperature) completely into "work" (energy that is useful, in that it can be used, for instance, to power a mill)
So, once we know what is impossible under the laws of physics, we are left with plenty of room for our ideas to try and create approximations to things that are possible. This opening up of possibilities is the wonderful, unexpected implication of contemplating the fundamental physical meaning of "impossible." May it be as widely known as it is physically possible.
DAILY NEWS
1) Rossi: Demo Postponed, QuarkX Broken and Repaired
http://www.e-catworld.com/2017/01/25/rossi-demo-postponed-quarkx-broken-and-repaired/
Laurel
January 24, 2017 at 8:25 AM
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi:
Is still Leonardo Corporation working to manufacture the 1 MW plants?
Translate
Andrea Rossi
January 24, 2017 at 3:55 PM
Laurel:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
January 24, 2017 at 8:25 AM
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi:
Is still Leonardo Corporation working to manufacture the 1 MW plants?
Translate
Andrea Rossi
January 24, 2017 at 3:55 PM
Laurel:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
and
The contradictory catalyst
Date:January 24, 2017
Source:Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Summary:
Using a natural catalyst from bacteria for inspiration, researchers have now reported the fastest synthetic catalysts to date for hydrogen production-- producing 45 million hydrogen molecules per second.
reference
Allan Jay P. Cardenas, Bojana Ginovska, Neeraj Kumar, Jianbo Hou, Simone Raugei, Monte L. Helm, Aaron M. Appel, R. Morris Bullock, Molly O'Hagan. Controlling Proton Delivery through Catalyst Structural Dynamics. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2016; 55 (43): 13509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607460
Nanoscale view of energy storage
http://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/161424/nanoscale-view-of-energy-storage.html?WT.mc_id=ca0262
Nanoscale view of energy storage
http://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/161424/nanoscale-view-of-energy-storage.html?WT.mc_id=ca0262
LENR IN CONTEXT-2
WORK WITH TRUE BELIEVERS – SMILE AND IGNORE THE RESThttps://leadershipfreak.blog/2017/01/25/work-with-true-believers-smile-and-ignore-the-rest/
Disruptive Innovation: Intellectual History and Future Paths
Clayton M. Christensen Harvard Business School
Elizabeth J. Altman University of Massachusetts
Lowell Rory McDonald Harvard Business School
Jonathan Palmer Harvard Business School
http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/17-057_2059672c-e9fb-4df9-9f3e-2654b9b1c2a9.pdf
WORK WITH TRUE BELIEVERS – SMILE AND IGNORE THE RESThttps://leadershipfreak.blog/2017/01/25/work-with-true-believers-smile-and-ignore-the-rest/
Disruptive Innovation: Intellectual History and Future Paths
Clayton M. Christensen Harvard Business School
Elizabeth J. Altman University of Massachusetts
Lowell Rory McDonald Harvard Business School
Jonathan Palmer Harvard Business School
http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/17-057_2059672c-e9fb-4df9-9f3e-2654b9b1c2a9.pdf
Both Ed Storm's and Holmlid believes that metallic hydrogen is the active agent in Cold Fusion. But there is a critical difference between Ed Storm's view of metallic hydrogen and how it behaves and the way Leif Holmlid see things. Ed Storms says that metallic hydrogen fuses immediately after it is formed whereas Holmlid produces MH and then excites it with light to activate the LENR reaction.
ReplyDeleteThe important point is "can metallic hydrogen exist for long periods of time without fusing"? Or is an activating trigger required to get the cold fusion process going.
There is clear experimental evidence that shows that an activation trigger is required to start the LENR reaction.
When I first began my studies of the LENR reaction so very long ago, I may have read this in regards to the work from perhaps the most famous Japanese cold fusion researcher: Yoshiaki Arata, from Osaka University, who claimed in a demonstration to produce excess heat when deuterium gas was introduced into a cell containing a mixture of palladium and zirconium oxide. But the LENR reaction did not begin unless the cell was shocked in any number of ways.
Also from Brian S. Ahern patent (Amplification of energetic reactions US 20110233061 A1)
Quote
"Useful energy production can be obtained when deuterated/hydrated nanoparticles suspended in a dielectric medium are positioned interior to collapsing bubbles or dielectric discharges and their attendant shock waves. Highly self-focused shock waves have a sufficiently high energy density to induce a range of energetic reactions."
And that energy need not be provided in a one time spike. In the famous F&P meltdown where their reactor was feed 1 watt of power over months, one day when enough charge was accumulated in those Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) formed on the surface of the MH, the LENR reaction took off with a vengeance and burned through a lab bench and then through the reinforced concrete floor in their lab…rebar and all.
We may think of the case of a pile of logs just waiting there in the fireplace waiting for the match to get their fire going, so too LENR waits for the spark that gets that energy feedback loop roiling.
In the case of Holmlid’s experiment, the spark is the laser pulse. Once the laser fires, then the mesons come rolling forth.
Rossi feeds heat into the metallic hydrogen before the LENR reaction begins.
The next connection to be made is "how does the trigger mechanism work in terms of the structure of the metallic hydrogen"? There is a big difference between the way Holmlid views the structure of metallic hydrogen and the way that Ed Storms does. This structure is all important. Holmlid looks to a theory based on a theoretical description by J.E. Hirsch for his insights. How can light trigger the MH into reacting? If Ed Storms wants to understand this trigger, he needs to look into nanoplasmonics and continue down the connection tree.
How do you explain the observation of approximately circular hot spots where metal has melted? Hint: Jacques Ruer has shown that it takes at least tens of thousands of localized nuclear reactions to create a molten hot spot.
ReplyDeleteMetallic hydrogen can survive the heat produced by the melted metal. The way this happens is connected to the structure of metallic hydrogen. The MH can produce and survive at least tens of thousands of localized nuclear reactions and still continue on.
MH produces nuclear reactions at a distance. This was shown in the exploding wire experiments where uranium was fissioned in a separate chamber isolated from the exploding wire by a glass wall.
Sounds like the MH produces muons, doesn't it?
Thank you Axil. I always enjoy your comments and insights. Sometimes I will spend hours researching the science of the things you mention. I hope that you are assembling your thoughts into a book or extensive paper with well documented references. I for one, would buy a copy.
ReplyDeleteWhen a metal lattice absorbs hydrogen, the locking of the hydrogen atom on a metal lattice imparts a huge amount of energy onto that hydrogen atom(s) as they accumulate because of the distance/ momentum uncertainty principle. The lattice moves that energy away from the hydogen accumulation site thereby cooling the accumulating hydrogen deposit. This cooling produces a superconductive state in the hydrogen as verified by experiment by George Miley which includes the meissner effect. This effect expels all the electrons and photons from the positive core of the hydrogen and forms a electron spin wave on the surface of the hydrogen crystal. This condition forms an ideal mirror from which polaritons form on the magnon spin wave on the outside of the metallic hydrogen crystal. This spin wave produces a polariton based monopole magnetic field that projects forward from the head of the hydrogen crystal which disrupts the protons and/or neutrons in the nearby nuclei; this energy of proton decay generates mesons as seen in Holmlid's experiments which induce fusion as a secondary reaction in the far field away from the metallic hydrogen.
ReplyDeleteRegarding the EMF trigger to activate LENR fusion, polaritons store EMF (light, heat, gamma) energy on the surface of the spin wave that covers the surface of the superconducting metallic hydrogen. When enough energy is accumulated, the metallic hydrogen produces mesons which catalyze pion and muon fusion and fission.
AXIL went in to great detail to show how I have not done a proper job supporting my model and how the polariton explains the LENR effect. Once again, he, like other theoreticians, claim I have no idea what I'm taking about. We clearly have an inability to communicate largely as result of our training, he in physics and I in materials science. Also, we clearly do not share the same information about how LENR has been observed to behave. While I may not understand physics as well as AXIL, I do understand what has been observed about the behavior of LENR thanks to having studied the entire literature and studied the effect in the lab for 27 years, with many of the results being unpublished.
DeleteMy approach is based on several assumptions, that clearly differ from the assumptions AXIL makes. While I acknowledge my starting points as assumptions, AXIL seems to think his assumptions are true and they show that my approach is wrong. I find discussions with people who take this approach to be unproductive. Rather than exploring my assumptions and trying to see if they lead to important insight, the ideas are rejected and my abilities and knowledge are questioned. I have no doubt that AXIL is smart and knows a great deal about physics. The question is whether this knowledge applies to LENR. For example, the concept of nano Plasmonics and Spintronics is real and valuable. The question we are trying to answer is whether the concept applies to the LENR process.
AXIL, if you want to engage in a useful discussion, I suggest you try to learn and understand exactly what I'm saying. I ask you to accept my assumptions for the sake of discussion and see where they take the discussion. You might be surprised about what they can explain and predict.
Dear Ed,
DeleteToday I give an answer to you describing my vision of NAE at NIH high temp; tomorrow I will be honored to publish your answer to AXIL
and perhps his answers. If you both agree.... different schools and approaches.
greetings,
Peter
Ing. Michelangelo De Meo
ReplyDeleteJanuary 26, 2017 at 8:09 AM
Hello Dr. Rossi:
Hungarian scientists have replicated the effect: see this publication on Arxiv:
Charged particle assisted nuclear reactions in solid state environment: renaissance of low energy nuclear physics
Peter Kalman and Tamas Keszthelyi Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Physics, Budafoki ´ut 8. F., H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
The features of electron assisted neutron exchange processes in crystalline solids are surveyed.
It is found that, contrary to expectations, the cross section of these processes may reach an observable magnitude even in the very low energy case because of the extremely huge increment caused by the Coulomb factor of the electron assisted processes and by the effect of the crystal-lattice. The features of electron assisted heavy charged particle exchange processes, electron assisted nuclear capture processes and heavy charged particle assisted nuclear processes are also overviewed. Experimental observations, which may be related to our theoretical findings, are dealt with. A possible explanation of observations by Fleischmann and Pons is presented. The possibility of the phenomenon of nuclear transmutation is qualitatively explained with the aid of usual and charged particle assisted reactions. The electron assisted neutron exchange processes in pure Ni, Pd and Li−Ni composite systems (in the Rossi-type E-Cat) are analyzed and it is concluded that the electron assisted neutron exchange reactions in pure Ni and Li − Ni composite systems may be responsible for recent experimental observations.
Summarizing, the theoretical results expounded and their successful applications in explaining some unresolved experimental facts inspire us to say that the studying of charged particles electron assisted nuclear reactions, especially the electron assisted neutron exchange processes may start a renaissance in the field of low energy nuclear physics.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01474v3.pdf
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Andrea Rossi
January 26, 2017 at 8:29 AM
Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
Thank you for the reference.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
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ReplyDelete