DAILY NOTE
Slowly-slowly (not my style!) I have arrived to my Campaign for the Otherness of LENR. The first name of this great discovery was given under the sign and the curse of Sameness - it is also fusion, just it is cold, it is also nuclear as nuclear reactions are. First it was PdD than later came NiH, they must be the same! Sameness ahs hit again! The results are obvious, limited cognoscibility in the frame of Sameness snaily development despite so many efforts and so good people.
The reason- actually LENR is different, and now we have to know how it differs from our imaginary models.
It is a great opportunity for me to present you the work, experiments and revolutionary ideas of a great scientist- Leonid Urutskoev weho generously tries to help us. This letter is an amazing study in nuclear otherness, it opens broad possibilities and perspectives, inclusive for LENR
A welcome message from the very far right site of the Medawar Zone, in other words
experimental research of world class level and a mode of thinking which has made this translation an intellectual delight for me. My gratitude to Leonid Urutskoev!
Note. The papers cited were presented yesterday, the last part of the message will be published here tomorrow.
THE LETTER OF LEONID URUTSKOEV (first part)
Completely by chance it was observed that in the titanium powder formed as result of the electrical explosions shows a strong isotopic shift compared with the initial metal.
The content of 48Ti was approx. 65% instead of the starting 73.8%. The contents of the other four Ti isotopes have remained at the natural relative proportions.
The measurements were also made on some types of mass-spectrometers and the results have shown that the errors are around 1% admissible. The experiment was repeated many times (not less than 100) however by far not in all cases have we observed a significant isotopic shift of titanium. The effect could be small (3%) or completely missing but we have never observed the increase of the content of 48Ti in the mixture of isotopes. I have to tell that we never succeeded to record some, any kind of significant increase of neutron or gamma radiation despite working in the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute where it is an abundance of measuring instruments for gammas and neutrons. I will not tell more about this, all details can be found in the paper No. 1
There were performed some 300 experiments using mass-spectrometry and we have stated that the parent 48Ti nuclei are not converted to other isotopes of Ti or elements neighboring it in the MendeleevTable as it would have been seen for the usual nuclear reactions, and but it is
decaying in a complete spectrum of other chemical elements (from the lightest to Zn. (paper No. 1).
Such a process contradicts everything that we have learned in our courses of nuclear physics. So we have thought that this type of processes is impossible. However, our colleagues from the Institute of Nuclear researches (Dubna) have performed independent experiments on our set-up and have obtained the same result.
They have analyzed the results of the measurements and have called our attention to the fact that in the experiments there are obtained both lighter (e.g. Al and Si) and heavier chemical elements. Because the maximum bond energy per nucleon is near to Fe, than for all elements at the left side of it, energetically more favorable is fusion, while for the right side- fission. It was totally obvious that the energy consumed in the experiment was insufficient for initiation both of these processes. In the battery of condensators /capacitors we had globally 50 kJ for 1019-20 acts of nuclear reactions. And here appears the idea: isn’t it possible that the fusion and fission reactions take place simultaneously?
For this it can be imagined that the wave functions of some nuclei, for some reason are overlapping and the ensemble of the neighboring nuclei in some way “feel” as being one single nucleus that is able to redistribute its neutrons and protons. That is, some collective processes can appear. We have thought that when nuclear processes take place, huge quantities of energy are released but this cannot be seen. In some experiments after a bang a bright plasma irradiation has appeared- and isotopic shifts were recorded for Ti. The energy released was consistent with the small energy stored in the capacitors. . This fact imposes stringent limitations on the enthalpy of a hypothetical nuclear processes. Thus, the question arises: is it possible to choose the combination of atoms in which the mass of the parent atom different from the mass of daughter atoms with not more than 100 KeV? (We remind you that the mass of an electron is 0.5 MeV.)
Even if we accept the theoretical possibility that collective nuclear reactions can take place (by an totally unknown physical mechanism) it is absolutely necessary that the conservation laws should be respected- conservation of energy, barions, leptons, and of electric charge. It was worked out a computerized model that has immediately shown that there is no solution for the nuclear processes based on weak nuclear interactions as beta
decay and K-capture, that is transition from a neutron to a proton and conversely because such combinations cannot satisfy the above shown requirements.
However if we want to decide the reality of such weak nuclear processes and as parent nuclei we choose Ti, O and H than it is possible (with the help of the computer) to find combinations where as daughter nuclei we obtain nuclei, including those of Zn. It was not possible to get from the starting parent nuclei- daughter nuclei heavier than Zn. This was already quite similar to what experiments have given.
We have called this the phenomenological model because it is not some physical mechanism included in it, except the conservation laws.
The model has worked from one reason- the number of stable isotopes in the Mendeleev Table- as the experiment has shown, we never have obtained radioactive elements.
By replacing in these experiments the light water with heavy water we have not more observed the appearance of isotopic shifts for Ti. This fact has removed for us the illusion that we have to do with “cold fusion.”
But the phenomenological model did not allow combinations with acceptable levels of enthalpy. It became obvious that we have to select more parent nuclei with extra neutrons to enter in low energy reactions. I will not give here further details but I want to tell that the phenomenological model has suggested that if vanadium is added to the parent atoms then the isotope Fe57 is obtained – a rare isotope easy to detect/identify. The result of the experiment has coincided with this prediction of the model. Everything is described in paper No 2.
The results obtained by us have lead to the idea that there must exist a new type of nuclear reaction which we have called “transformation” reactions to distinguish them
From transmutation reactions as used by the researcher and in which it takes place the conversion of the nucleus of one chemical element in the nucleus of an other chemical element.
The introduction of the new concept of transformation has the aim to emphasize that this is completely new class of nuclear reactions that have a collective and not a two particles character. (Usually it is considered that three particles reaction are rather rare. But in the transformation reactions there are no collisions and they are more similar to exchange reactions in which an intermediate nucleus is formed and this is then collapsing in excited fragments. (to be continued)
Leonid Andreyich Gorbovski
The content of 48Ti was approx. 65% instead of the starting 73.8%. The contents of the other four Ti isotopes have remained at the natural relative proportions.
The measurements were also made on some types of mass-spectrometers and the results have shown that the errors are around 1% admissible. The experiment was repeated many times (not less than 100) however by far not in all cases have we observed a significant isotopic shift of titanium. The effect could be small (3%) or completely missing but we have never observed the increase of the content of 48Ti in the mixture of isotopes. I have to tell that we never succeeded to record some, any kind of significant increase of neutron or gamma radiation despite working in the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute where it is an abundance of measuring instruments for gammas and neutrons. I will not tell more about this, all details can be found in the paper No. 1
There were performed some 300 experiments using mass-spectrometry and we have stated that the parent 48Ti nuclei are not converted to other isotopes of Ti or elements neighboring it in the MendeleevTable as it would have been seen for the usual nuclear reactions, and but it is
decaying in a complete spectrum of other chemical elements (from the lightest to Zn. (paper No. 1).
Such a process contradicts everything that we have learned in our courses of nuclear physics. So we have thought that this type of processes is impossible. However, our colleagues from the Institute of Nuclear researches (Dubna) have performed independent experiments on our set-up and have obtained the same result.
They have analyzed the results of the measurements and have called our attention to the fact that in the experiments there are obtained both lighter (e.g. Al and Si) and heavier chemical elements. Because the maximum bond energy per nucleon is near to Fe, than for all elements at the left side of it, energetically more favorable is fusion, while for the right side- fission. It was totally obvious that the energy consumed in the experiment was insufficient for initiation both of these processes. In the battery of condensators /capacitors we had globally 50 kJ for 1019-20 acts of nuclear reactions. And here appears the idea: isn’t it possible that the fusion and fission reactions take place simultaneously?
For this it can be imagined that the wave functions of some nuclei, for some reason are overlapping and the ensemble of the neighboring nuclei in some way “feel” as being one single nucleus that is able to redistribute its neutrons and protons. That is, some collective processes can appear. We have thought that when nuclear processes take place, huge quantities of energy are released but this cannot be seen. In some experiments after a bang a bright plasma irradiation has appeared- and isotopic shifts were recorded for Ti. The energy released was consistent with the small energy stored in the capacitors. . This fact imposes stringent limitations on the enthalpy of a hypothetical nuclear processes. Thus, the question arises: is it possible to choose the combination of atoms in which the mass of the parent atom different from the mass of daughter atoms with not more than 100 KeV? (We remind you that the mass of an electron is 0.5 MeV.)
Even if we accept the theoretical possibility that collective nuclear reactions can take place (by an totally unknown physical mechanism) it is absolutely necessary that the conservation laws should be respected- conservation of energy, barions, leptons, and of electric charge. It was worked out a computerized model that has immediately shown that there is no solution for the nuclear processes based on weak nuclear interactions as beta
decay and K-capture, that is transition from a neutron to a proton and conversely because such combinations cannot satisfy the above shown requirements. However if we want to decide the reality of such weak nuclear processes and as parent nuclei we choose Ti, O and H than it is possible (with the help of the computer) to find combinations where as daughter nuclei we obtain nuclei, including those of Zn. It was not possible to get from the starting parent nuclei- daughter nuclei heavier than Zn. This was already quite similar to what experiments have given.
We have called this the phenomenological model because it is not some physical mechanism included in it, except the conservation laws.
The model has worked from one reason- the number of stable isotopes in the Mendeleev Table- as the experiment has shown, we never have obtained radioactive elements.
By replacing in these experiments the light water with heavy water we have not more observed the appearance of isotopic shifts for Ti. This fact has removed for us the illusion that we have to do with “cold fusion.”
But the phenomenological model did not allow combinations with acceptable levels of enthalpy. It became obvious that we have to select more parent nuclei with extra neutrons to enter in low energy reactions. I will not give here further details but I want to tell that the phenomenological model has suggested that if vanadium is added to the parent atoms then the isotope Fe57 is obtained – a rare isotope easy to detect/identify. The result of the experiment has coincided with this prediction of the model. Everything is described in paper No 2.
The results obtained by us have lead to the idea that there must exist a new type of nuclear reaction which we have called “transformation” reactions to distinguish them
From transmutation reactions as used by the researcher and in which it takes place the conversion of the nucleus of one chemical element in the nucleus of an other chemical element.
The introduction of the new concept of transformation has the aim to emphasize that this is completely new class of nuclear reactions that have a collective and not a two particles character. (Usually it is considered that three particles reaction are rather rare. But in the transformation reactions there are no collisions and they are more similar to exchange reactions in which an intermediate nucleus is formed and this is then collapsing in excited fragments. (to be continued)
DAILY NEWS
Energetics, tomorrow, after tomorrow
Горбовский Леонид Андреич:
Энергетика завтра.. послезавтра..http://samlib.ru/g/gorbowskij_l_a/energytomorrowaftertomorrow.shtml
If scientist would
deliberately concentrate on methods to manipulate particle position
through their wave function properties (Casimir exclusion or wave resonance
effects, etc. - which are techniques we, the “ZPE tapping crowd” push to be
explored for a long time), this wave overlap, that enables QTE and so nuclear
fusion to occur, is the answer to your LENR question as well. Possible, playing
with waves (manipulating wave functions) may explain other transmutation
reactions as well (through harmonics)"
OTHER
Inspiration is all around you
Giampaolo PitruzzelloNature Nanotechnology 10, 652 (2015) doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.145Published online 03 July 2015
Горбовский Леонид Андреич:
Энергетика завтра.. послезавтра..http://samlib.ru/g/gorbowskij_l_a/energytomorrowaftertomorrow.shtml
THe 1MW plant was run 136 days so far
The length of replication attempts- by AXIL
A video by Norman Cook on the lattice representation of the nucleus
http://www.e-catworld.com/2015/07/07/norman-cook-on-the-lattice-representation-of-the-nucleus-video/
Re: Fuzija ili iluzija- a rare Croatian paper aabout LENR
Philosophy and Science:
To come back here!
With many thanks to Vlad Plesa from ZPEnergy, a paper by Ethan Siegel who dislikes the idea of Cold Fusion being a genuine smart nuclear physicist
It's The Power Of Quantum Mechanics That Allows The Sun To Shine
Vlad comments:
"Please
read the article below. If Mr. Siegel’s numbers (or whoever gave them to him)
are correct, the key to hot or cold fusion on demand could actually be a smart
manipulation of the wave properties of interacting particles, to increase the
chances (to “force”) a Quantum Tunneling Effect (QTE) to happen! (I’ve just
posted the article and this question on ZPEnergy).
It makes sense to me that brute force alone (high
temperatures and pressures, etc.) besides increasing the density and jitter of
the target medium, may accidentally do something to increase the chances of the
two wavefunctions of interacting particles to overlap (“ever so slightly”) and
trigger the fusion.
From Reddit- I think the spirit of the idea- otherness is the good one but the execution of the idea is not:
https://www.reddit.com/r/LENR/
(
Surfing the light fantastic
Researchers observe and control light wakes for the first time; could lead to new optical discoveries such as plasmonic holograms
Giampaolo PitruzzelloNature Nanotechnology 10, 652 (2015) doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.145Published online 03 July 2015
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