MOTTO
The future is uncertain... but this uncertainty is at the very heart of
human creativity. (Ilya Prigogine)
borrowed from Gurteen Knowledge of today
DAILY NOTE
Very soon after Rossi's granted US peri-LENR patent proving that a good researcher/inventor has also to be a good bureaucrat, diplomat and businessman, here is an applied WO Pat, 2015/127263- filed 907 days after the first. It answers- in a way to many of questions of yesterday. And, as it is normal, generates new questions probably smarter ones than those from the first swarm.
For numberphiles like me, Andrea Rossi has made his spectacular entrance in the open LENR world 1687 days ago, brought LENR+- enhanced excess heat and changed many things- making them more interesting, hopeful and uncertain.
WO 2015/127263 has 97 pages, the temperature here is 93 F- so reading/studying it will last.
I have found some news for you, Camilo will continue this action. See you tomorrow
DAILY NEWS
1) WO2015127263 ENERGY-PRODUCING REACTION DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND RELATED METHODS https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8mt4mJOTGvBeUdnZkprSlhPTWs/view
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015127263&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription
WO 2013076378 A2
At the official Russian LENR site
Новая заявка на международный патент Индастриал Хит (WO2015127263) "УСТРОЙСТВА, СИСТЕМЫ И СВЯЗАННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ на ЭНЕРГОПРОИЗВОДЯЩИХ РЕАКЦИЯХ"
2) Is this competition for Rossi?
Thermal-energy producing system and methodWO 2013076378 A2
Publication date May 30, 2013
Filing date Nov 27, 2012
Filing date Nov 27, 2012
Inventor Pekka Soininen
Applicant Etiam Oy
Applicant Etiam Oy
ABSTRACT
System and method for producing thermal energy is based on a very large number of nanoscale particle accelerators in a volume accelerating electrons and hydrogen ions at very high local electric fields. Nanoscale particle accelerators comprise a dielectric material possessing electric polarizability and a metallic materialcapable of forming an interstitial and/or electrically conductive metal hydride and capable of enhancing the local electric field by the geometry and/or by the sufficiently small dimensions of the said metallic material. Low to medium strength local electric fields are utilized for the generation of Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter in the presence of a material capable of forming and storing Rydberg atoms. Destabilization of Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter leads to solid state physical reactions
3) Fusion and LENR update from David Baikley and Jonathan Borwein
http://www.e-catworld.com/2015/08/27/fusion-and-lenr-update-from-david-bailey-and-jonathan-borwein/ (I have shown you their paper yesterday)
4) The Peak Oil Crisis: Cold Fusion Gets a U.S. Patent
By Tom Whipple
5) Rossi has an US Patent for his Energy Catalyzer but Ahern notes that it does not reveal anything replicatable
By Tom Whipple
6) Coverage of Rossi patent in media sources- Brian Josephson and Tom Whiple(
http://www.e-catworld.com/2015/08/28/rossi-patent-in-media-sources-brian-josephson-and-tom-whipple/
7) Rossi from the frontlne;
Gary Hitchens:
Today, at 09.10 a.m. of Friday Aug 28th, the 1MW E-Cat is stable, the E-Cat X is in construction. No troubles, so far.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
7) Rossi from the frontlne;
Andrea Rossi
August 28th, 2015 at 8:12 AMGary Hitchens:
Today, at 09.10 a.m. of Friday Aug 28th, the 1MW E-Cat is stable, the E-Cat X is in construction. No troubles, so far.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
8) The end of the energy empire
http://www.tochno.media/rus/publication/konets-energeticheskoy-imperii--1440068576/
Well readable with Google Translate
Well readable with Google Translate
AXIL DIXIT
Who was awarded the potassium patent or was it deemed by Rossi and his legal team to be open source? Rossi's low heat reactor (1 Megawatt version) must use a potassium based fuel. A Lithium based fuel must run in a reactor with and operating temperature of over 1000C. Is Rossi conceding the Big cat and his tiger reactor subsystem as using and open source LENR technology?
DGT used Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as their fuel. This is the standard LENR catalyst. It has been used from the earliest times of LENR. Thermocore might have been the first to experiment with potassium. Potassium could support the a fine LENR reactor design.
Melting point (891 °C (1,636 °F; 1,164 K)
Boiling point - decomposes.
A competitor of Rossi could develop a reactor that uses K2CO3 with no patent protection recourse from Rossi. I believe that Rossi is reserving the Lithium aluminum hydrate fuel as a doorway to the direct conversion of the LENR reaction into electricity via the E Cat-X . This might be why Rossi made a point that the lithium based LENR patent was the first LENR patent to be set in place by Rossi’s team.
A way to get around the Rossi patent protection is to mix chemical compounds containing cesium, potassium and lithium together in proportions that are different from those specified by the Rossi patent.
Even if Mills does not describe what he does in his technologies as LENR, as described by Mills in his patents, there are hundreds of chemical compound combinations that will support the LENR reaction.
These chemicals uses as fuel are not fundamental to LENR, it is what these fuels produce that results in LENR. Those more fundamental elements are nanoparticles of the proper sizes and aggregations (aka topology) comprised of elements and/or chemical compounds.
If you remember the story of how a long running LENR reaction melted and vaporized a hole a lab table and the reinforced concrete LENR lab floor just under the table, that vaporized floor material served as fuel of the LENR reaction in that amazing case.
and:
In one important way, Rossi's catalytic approach is more powerful than that of Pekka Soininen. Rossi uses up to 100 micron nickel particles which are sintered together from 5 micron COTS powder. The EMF power amplification factor that these various particles produce when aggregated is proportional to the SIZE SPREAD of the particles sizes used. A particle size spread between 100 microns and 1 nanometer produces a EMF power application factor of 10^15 when heat (infrared EMF) is converted to magnetic power.
See this reference for an explanation of how this amplification process works
arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/
Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale
See this for more detail involving EMF conversion processes
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/
Extraordinary momentum and spin in evanescent waves
See this reference for an explanation of how this amplification process works
arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/
Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale
See this for more detail involving EMF conversion processes
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/
Extraordinary momentum and spin in evanescent waves
OTHER
The Need for Venture Sciencehttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/charles-eisenstein/the-need-for-venture-scie_b_8045434.html
The Need for Venture Sciencehttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/charles-eisenstein/the-need-for-venture-scie_b_8045434.html
Part 1 of 2
ReplyDeleteHow does Rydberg Hydrogen Matter (RHM) form?
Nucleation is the first step in the formation of a new crystalline structure via self-assembly or self-organization. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organized structure appears.
The probability that nucleation will begin is very sensitive to impurities present in the system. Because of this, it is often important to distinguish between heterogeneous nucleation and homogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation occurs at nucleation sites on surfaces in the system. Homogenous nucleation occurs away from a surface. Rydberg matter formation begins with heterogeneous nucleation that occurs on a surface that hydrogen faces.
Nucleation is a stochastic process where random factors dominate. No two identical systems are identical so nucleation will occur at different times and at different rates.] This behavior is similar to radioactive decay. nucleation theory predicts that the time you have to wait for nucleation decreases extremely rapidly when supersaturated. Supersaturation implies that a solution of more than one element and/or compound and/or their associated phases are present in a mixture and the state of this solution contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. It can also refer to a vapor of a compound that has a higher (partial) pressure than the vapor pressure of that compound.
For example, hydrogen and lithium can exist in a supersaturated mixture where hydrogen and/or lithium and/or lithium hydride can nucleate nanoparticles of hydrogen, lithium, and/or lithium hydride.
The generation of nanoparticles in a gas mixture is responsive to the manipulation of the supersaturating condition of the gas mixture.
Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution. One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility. As a general rule, the more heat is added to a system, the more soluble a substance becomes. (There are exceptions where the opposite is true). Therefore, at high temperatures, more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature. If this solution were to be suddenly cooled at a rate faster than the rate of precipitation, the solution will become supersaturated until the solute precipitates to the temperature-determined saturation point. The precipitation or crystallization of the solute takes longer than the actual cooling time because the molecules need to meet up and form the precipitate without being knocked apart by the solvent. Thus, the larger the molecule, the longer it will take to crystallize due to the principles of Brownian motion.
The condition of supersaturation does not necessarily have to be reached through the manipulation of heat. The ideal gas law
PV = nRT
suggests that pressure and volume can also be changed to force a system into a supersaturated state. If the volume of solvent is decreased, the concentration of the solute can be above the saturation point and thus create a supersaturated solution. The decrease in volume is most commonly generated through evaporation. Similarly, an increase in pressure can drive a solution to a supersaturated state. All three of these mechanisms rely on the fact that the conditions of the solution can be changed quicker than the solute can precipitate or crystallize out.
Part 2 of 2
ReplyDeleteThe formation of nanoparticles are best supported in a supersaturated gas solution where the temperature and/or its pressure is constantly changing.
Heterogeneous nucleation of an alkali metal which includes hydrogen is supported by another alkali element metal(or chemical compound isoelectric mimics of the alkali metals) sitting on a transition metal substrate. The alkali deposits provides a template form which the nanoparticle will nucleate and grow. Examples of such nucleation template masks are potassium or lithium on the surface of iron or nickel. In the analysis of the Lugano fuel mix, lithium completely covered the 100 micron nickel fuel particle.
In theory, a mixture of potassium and lithium should support faster development at lower temperatures of a supersaturation condition of a hydrogen gas mixture than a mix using lithium only.
As documented in the AIRBUS patent, an alternative method in nanoparticle production is electric arcing. The arc produces the high temperatures and pressures needed for supersaturation in the gas that surrounds the arc. As seen in the experiment of Ken Shoulders, the arc will produce a zone of temperature and pressure drop at some distance from the arc where nanoparticles will form. The temperature and pressure drop that results when the arc stops will also meet the requirements of nanoparticle production. A rapidly repeating high voltage electric arc on/off cycle will maximize nanoparticle production in a gas mixture.
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