Our friend, Dr. Stoyan Sargoytchev explains the problem:
"I see some discussions with a doubt about a cold fusion because gamma radiation from the E-cat HT test was not detected despite that it did not have a lead jacket. I added my considerations about gamma shielding in my article in
http://vixra.org/abs/1401.0169 (page 15)"
He cannot make additions or corrections to the original paper, however his personal expert opinion about this is as follows:
Added reference:
40. Revolutionary Concepts of Radiation Shielding,
NASA http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/n
41. Nanotechnology used in radiation protection – new product (2004)
http://www.azonano.com/article
.Let considering the gamma radiation from the nickel nanopowder and its shielding. For gamma energy in the order of 6 MeV, the wavelength is about 0.2 pm. This wavelength is a few orders smaller than the gaps between the nanopowder particles. The gas occupying the gaps has a refractive index close to one, while the refractive index of the nanoparticle material for the wavelength of 0.2 pm is much higher. Then the emitted gamma rays from the nickel nanopowder in the bulk will undergo multiple reflections, refractions and absorption, so the energy they loose will be converted to heat. Some proper attenuated gamma rays will produce Rydberg hydrogen that is useful for the cold fusion. Only not absorbed attenuated gamma rays may escape the fuel powder, so they must be shielded. Gamma rays emitted from the nickel nanopowder that is closer to the cylindrical enclosure will be stronger. From the publicly released information by Focardi and Rossi it is known that a small gamma radiation exists. For this purpose the E-cat described in the Rossi patent contains a lead jacket [28]. For the E-cat HT reactors that were tested by G. Levi et al., however, a lead jacket was not noticed [3]. This does not mean that there is not any radiation shield. With the advancement of nanotechnology a new way of effective gamma radiation shield is developed. This has been in focus of NASA research for years [40, page 14]. A new technology for gamma shielding is already offered by the company Radiation Shield Technology, Inc. [41]. They manufacture a trademarked product Demron™, which is a lead-free radiation protective fabric in a form of a blanket created with nanotechnology. The Demron material is designed to reduce emission from high energy gamma sources such as Cesium 137. Such material might be hidden beneath the silicon ceramic or inside of the cylindrical body of E-cat HT where the heaters are placed.
Added reference:
40. Revolutionary Concepts of Radiation Shielding,
NASA http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/n
41. Nanotechnology used in radiation protection – new product (2004)
http://www.azonano.com/article
Reference:
ReplyDeletehttp://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0306126v2.pdf
Frequency up- and down-conversions in two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics
When light is packed into of nano-cavity, it becomes squeezed by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
In this situation, the location of photons are localized and known to a high degree of certainty. This means that the momentum of the light is uncertain and modifiable.
In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle known as complementary variables, such as position x and momentum p, can be known simultaneously. For instance, in 1927, Werner Heisenberg stated that the more precisely the position of some particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa.
When light is squeezed in a confined volume, the frequency of the incoming light will tend to reach equilibrium near one of the natural resonance frequencies of the cavity. Heat will up convert into x-rays and gamma rays will down convert into x-rays, when the natural frequency of the cavity is in the EUV range.
The gamma ray will enter the cavity and roll around it in a circle, all the while being acted on by constructive and destructive interference of its waveform from the other EMF frequencies that are rolling around inside the cavity,
When the cavity eventually deteriorates, EUV comes out. Energetic electrons and EUV also come out of the polariton cavity and produce heat by interacting with nearby matter. This newly generated heat and energy depleted electrons will then start the cycle again when the heat energy and electrons reenter the next generation of newly forming nascent optical cavities. It is as simple as that.
Sometimes, gamma rays are produced by a LENR system. This is why gamma thermalization does not happen.
ReplyDeleteLet us make things really simple. So let us make and analogy between radiation frequency mixing in an optical cavity and water mixing of hot and cold water in a mixing bowl.
If you pour hot and cold water in a mixing bowl, the water will become warm, being neither hot nor cold. The hot water is thermalized
If you have no cold water to mix and you pour only hot water into the mixing bowl, the water will stay hot and when the bowl eventually breaks only hot water will spill out.
This lack of thermalization is what happens when the reactor is cold and there is no infrared light to mix with the gamma light. The gamma will not be thermalized by the infrared photons.
This is why there happens to be gamma coming from a cold reactor; there is no infrared radiation to mix with the gamma radiation to cool it down.
A cool LENR system will produce gamma rays.
A little off-topic comment: How are (commented) the results from 28th of January demonstration?
ReplyDeleteThanks for this post. Informative and enjoyable article.
ReplyDelete