tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-326167780677397310.post4704864074169658937..comments2024-03-27T21:35:04.988-07:00Comments on EGO OUT: MAR 29, 2016 DEAR LENR, YOU REALLY NEED AN ENHANCED INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH! Georgina Popescuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04628821029016016988noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-326167780677397310.post-36592020666385455522016-03-29T12:55:50.469-07:002016-03-29T12:55:50.469-07:002 of 2
"Theory and computation have played a...2 of 2<br /><br />"Theory and computation have played an important role in the hunt for superconducting hydrides under extreme compression," said Pickard. "The challenges for the future are twofold - increasing the temperature towards room temperature, but, more importantly, dramatically reducing the pressures required."<br /><br />Metallization of yttrium hydride (YH3) and the perovskite hydrides CaCoH: and CaNiH3 both showing LENR activity produce superconductivity. Another possible route to a metallic hydrogen substitute at significantly lower pressure might be through the ternary hydrides. The lowest pressure induced superconductor is Lithium Aluminum hydride that metalizes at 43 GPa. In a ternary hydride, the heaver that the third element is, the lower that the metallization pressure becomes. Replacing aluminum with a heavier element will reduce the pressure required for metallization making LENR easier to achieve.<br /><br />Reaction of the ruthenium diamine complex CpRu(tmeda)Cl (tmeda = tetramethylethylenediamine) with LiAlH4 afforded the novel pentaruthenium cluster Cp5Ru5H7 in the tbp geometry. The pentaruthenium cluster 2 shows a dynamic process, including site exchange between the axial and the equatorial metal atoms, via a novel type of pseudorotation.<br /><br />http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orgnd7/2003/orgnd7.2003.22.issue-1/om020335k/production/images/medium/om020335kn00001.gif<br /><br />The reaction of the ruthenium diamine complex CpRu(tmeda)Cl (1; Cp = η5-C5H5) with LiAlH4 afforded the novel pentaruthenium cluster Cp5Ru5H7 (2) in the tbp geometry. The mixed-ligand cluster Cp4Cp*Ru5H7 (4; Cp* = η5-C5Me5) was derived in a similar manner from 1 and Cp*Ru(acac). Complex 2 exhibits a new type of fluxional behavior that involves exchange of the CpRu groups among the axial sites and the equatorial sites. The use of this compound might be why the Lugano fuel contained molybdenum. <br />Axilhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/07190120527431077518noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-326167780677397310.post-47116845415249921522016-03-29T12:54:56.036-07:002016-03-29T12:54:56.036-07:001 of 2
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02933v1.pdf
Qua...1 of 2<br /><br />http://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02933v1.pdf<br /><br />Quantum Hydrogen-Bond Symmetrization and High-Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrogen Sulfide<br /><br />There seems to be a connection between hydrides metalized by the application of high pressure, superconductivity onset, and the onset of the LENR reaction. It has been determined that the high pressure modifies the nature of molecular bonds which bring about superconductivity.<br /><br />These new theoretical recently published results suggest that the quantum nature of hydrogen - meaning that it can behave like a particle or a wave - strongly affects the recently discovered hydrogen Sulphur superconductor, a compound that when subjected to extremely high pressure, is the highest-temperature superconductor yet identified. This research is new step towards understanding the underlying physics of high temperature superconductivity.<br /><br />These new theoretical results suggest that the quantum behavior of hydrogen may be the reason for the onset of superconductivity, as it changes the structure of the chemical bonds between atoms. <br /><br />In the strange world of quantum physics, according to a rule known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, in any situation in which a particle has two linked properties, only one can be measured and the other must be uncertain.<br /><br />When a molecule is compressed, the position of the hydrogen atoms is fixed and is less able to move. This makes the momentum more uncertain in these chemical bounds thus gaining energy.<br /><br />Hydrogen, being the lightest element of the periodic table, is the atom most strongly subjected to quantum behavior. Its quantum nature affects structural and physical properties of many hydrogen compounds. An example is high-pressure ice, where quantum fluctuations of the proton lead to a change in the way that the molecules are held together, so that the chemical bonds between atoms become symmetrical.<br /><br />The researchers behind the current study believe that a similar quantum hydrogen-bond symmetrisation occurs in the hydrogen sulphide superconductor.<br /><br />Theoretical models that treat hydrogen atoms as classical particles predict that at extremely high pressures, the atoms sit exactly halfway between two Sulphur atoms, making a fully symmetrical structure. However, at lower pressures, hydrogen atoms move to an off-center position, forming one shorter and one longer bond.<br /><br />The researchers have found that when considering the hydrogen atoms as quantum particles behaving like waves, they form symmetrical bonds at much lower pressures - around the same as those used for the German-led experiment, meaning that quantum physics, and symmetrical hydrogen bonds, were behind the record-breaking superconductivity.<br /><br />"That we are able to make quantitative predictions with such a good agreement with the experiments is exciting and means that computation can be confidently used to accelerate the discovery of high temperature superconductors," said study co-author Professor Chris Pickard of Cambridge's Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy.<br />According to the researcher's calculations, the quantum symmetrisation of the hydrogen bond has a tremendous impact on the vibrational and superconducting properties of hydrogen sulphide. "In order to theoretically reproduce the observed pressure dependence of the superconducting critical temperature the quantum symmetrisation needs to be taken into account," said the study's first author, Ion Errea, from the University of the Basque Country and Donostia International Physics Center.<br /><br />The discovery of such a high temperature superconductor suggests that room temperature superconductivity might be possible in other hydrogen-rich compounds. The current theoretical study shows that in all these compounds, the quantum motion of hydrogen can strongly affect the structural properties, even modifying the chemical bonding, and the electron-phonon interaction that drives the superconducting transition.<br /><br />Axilhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/07190120527431077518noreply@blogger.com